Vedolizumab is a recombinant humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody directed against the human lymphocyte α4β7 integrin, a key mediator of gastrointestinal inflammation. It is used in the treatment of moderate to severe active ulcerative colitis and Crohn's...

Ustekinumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody that binds with high specificity and affinity to the cytokines interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-23, thereby suppressing IL-12- and IL-23-mediated inflammation associated with psoriasis. Ustekinumab (STELARA®) is...

Tocilizumab is a recombinant, humanized, anti-human interleukin 6 (IL-6) receptor monoclonal antibody. Tocilizumab is mainly used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis, a severe form of arthritis in...

Secukinumab is a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody that targets IL-17α and prevents its association with the receptor IL-17R. This results in decreased release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines and downregulation of inflammation. IL-17 represents...

Ranibizumab is a recombinant humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody fragment that targets human vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A). The antibody lacks an Fc-region and is smaller than the full-sized antibody, thus allowing efficient penetration...

Ramucirumab is a human monoclonal antibody (IgG1) against vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), a type II trans-membrane tyrosine kinase receptor expressed on endothelial cells. By binding to VEGFR2, Ramucirumab prevents binding of its...

Natalizumab is a humanized IgG4k monoclonal antibody produced in murine myeloma cells. Natalizumab contains human framework regions and the complementarity-determining regions of a murine antibody that binds to a4-integrin. Natalizumab is used to treat...

Evolocumab is a human IgG2 monoclonal antibody that targets proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9). PCSK9 is a serine protease that binds to LDL receptors on the hepatocyte cell surface and promotes the lysosome-mediated degradation of...

Durvalumab is a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody that binds to and inhibits programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1). PD-L1 is an important immune checkpoint molecule expressed on tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating immune cells. PD-L1 binds to its receptors...

Daratumumab is a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody that binds with a high affinity to a unique epitope of CD38. CD38 is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on lymphoid, non-hematopoietic tissues, and myeloid cells. CD38 possesses ectoenzyme...

Certolizumab pegol is an anti-TNF (anti-tumour necrosis factor) drug. It blocks the action of TNF protein and so reduces inflammation in conditions including rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. BioSim™ Vedolizumab ELISA...

Canakinumab is a recombinant human IgG1 kappa monoclonal antibody that binds to and inhibits human IL-1β by preventing the interaction with its receptor and subsequent inflammatory activity. The antibody neither has cross-reactivity with IL-1α nor with...

Vedolizumab is a recombinant humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody that targets human lymphocyte α4β7 integrin and blocks the interaction with its ligand MAdCAM-1 thus resulting in gastrointestinal anti-inflammatory activity. It is used to treat...

Ustekinumab is a fully human IgG1 monoclonal antibody that targets the p40 subunit of IL-12 and IL-23, thereby preventing their association with IL-12Rβ1 receptor expressed on NK cells and T-cell surface. As a result, the antibody inhibits IL-12 and...

Tocilizumab is a recombinant, humanized, anti-human interleukin 6 (IL-6) receptor monoclonal antibody. Tocilizumab is mainly used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis, a severe form of arthritis in...

Secukinumab is a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody that targets IL-17α and prevents its association with the receptor IL-17R. This results in decreased release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines and downregulation of inflammation. IL-17 represents...

Ramucirumab is a fully human IgG1 monoclonal antibody that targets vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), a type II trans-membrane tyrosine kinase receptor that is expressed on endothelial cells. As a result, the antibody inhibits the...

Pembrolizumab (Keytruda®) is an antibody drug that targets the cell surface receptor programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) found on T cells. By preventing the binding of its ligands (PD-L1 and PD-L2), pembrolizumab induces an antitumor immune response...

Anti-PD-L1 is an Fc-engineered, humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody that targets programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1). PD-L1 is an important immune checkpoint molecule expressed on tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating immune cells. PD-L1 binds to its...

Anti-PD-L1 is an Fc-engineered, humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody that targets programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1). PD-L1 is an important immune checkpoint molecule expressed on tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating immune cells. PD-L1 binds to its...

Nivolumab (Opdivo®) is a human immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) monoclonal antibody that binds to the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) receptor and selectively blocks interaction with its programmed death ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2. Upregulation of PD-1 ligands...

Natalizumab is a humanized IgG4k monoclonal antibody produced in murine myeloma cells. Natalizumab contains human framework regions and the complementarity-determining regions of a murine antibody that binds to a4-integrin. Natalizumab is used to treat...

Ipilimumab (Yervoy®) is a fully human IgG1κ antibody that binds to CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T lymphocyteassociated antigen 4), a molecule on T-cells that is indicated for unresectable or metastatic melanoma. The absence or presence of CTLA-4 can augment or...

Filgrastim is a recombinant, non-pegylated human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) analog. It binds to the G-CSF receptor and stimulates the production of neutrophils in the bone marrow. As a G-CSF analog, it controls the proliferation of...

Evolocumab is a human IgG2 monoclonal antibody that targets proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9). PCSK9 is a serine protease that binds to LDL receptors on the hepatocyte cell surface and promotes the lysosome-mediated degradation of...

Durvalumab is a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody that binds to and inhibits programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1). PD-L1 is an important immune checkpoint molecule expressed on tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating immune cells. PD-L1 binds to its receptors...

Denosumab (Prolia®) is a human monoclonal antibody that binds to RANKL, a transmembrane or soluble protein essential for the formation, function, and survival of osteoclasts, the cells responsible for bone resorption. Prolia prevents RANKL from...

Daratumumab is a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody that binds with a high affinity to a unique epitope of CD38. CD38 is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on lymphoid, non-hematopoietic tissues, and myeloid cells. CD38 possesses ectoenzyme...

Canakinumab is a recombinant human IgG1 kappa monoclonal antibody that binds to and inhibits human IL-1β by preventing the interaction with its receptor and subsequent inflammatory activity. The antibody neither has cross-reactivity with IL-1α nor with...

Avelumab (Bavencio®) is a fully human anti-PD-L1 IgG1 lambda monoclonal antibody that has a molecular weight of approximately 147 kDa. Avelumab binds PD-L1 and blocks the interaction between PD-L1 and its receptors PD-1 and B7-1. By inhibiting PD-L1...

Aflibercept is a recombinant protein composed of the binding domains of two human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors fused with the Fc region of human immunoglobulin gamma 1 (IgG1). Aflibercept, as an ophthalmic agent, is used in the...

Aflibercept is a recombinant protein composed of the binding domains of two human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors fused with the Fc region of human immunoglobulin gamma 1 (IgG1). Aflibercept, as an ophthalmic agent, is used in the...