Avelumab (Bavencio®) is a fully human anti-PD-L1 IgG1 lambda monoclonal antibody that has a molecular weight of approximately 147 kDa. Avelumab binds PD-L1 and blocks the interaction between PD-L1 and its receptors PD-1 and B7-1. By inhibiting PD-L1...

Ranibizumab (Lucentis®) is a recombinant human IgG1 monoclonal antibody fragment (Fab) that blocks angiogenesis by inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) isoforms. The humanized anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody, Ranibizumab, has been...

Vedolizumab is a recombinant humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody that targets human lymphocyte α4β7 integrin and blocks the interaction with its ligand MAdCAM-1 thus resulting in gastrointestinal anti-inflammatory activity. It is used to treat...

Ustekinumab is a fully human IgG1 monoclonal antibody that targets the p40 subunit of IL-12 and IL-23, thereby preventing their association with IL-12Rβ1 receptor expressed on NK cells and T-cell surface. As a result, the antibody inhibits IL-12 and...

Tocilizumab is a recombinant, humanized, anti-human interleukin 6 (IL-6) receptor monoclonal antibody. Tocilizumab is mainly used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis, a severe form of arthritis in...

Secukinumab is a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody that targets IL-17α and prevents its association with the receptor IL-17R. This results in decreased release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines and downregulation of inflammation. IL-17 represents...

Rituximab is a human/mouse chimeric monoclonal antibody that specifically targets CD20. CD20 is a B-cell differentiation marker that is expressed on pre- and mature B lymphocytes. Binding of the antibody to CD20 results in the destruction of B...

Rituximab (Mabthera®) is a genetically engineered chimeric murine/human monoclonal antibody specific to CD20. CD20 is an approximately 35 KDa transmembrane phosphoprotein involved in the activation, proliferation, and differentiation of B-lymphocytes. It...

Ramucirumab is a fully human IgG1 monoclonal antibody that targets vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), a type II trans-membrane tyrosine kinase receptor that is expressed on endothelial cells. As a result, the antibody inhibits the...

Pembrolizumab (Keytruda®) is an antibody drug that targets the cell surface receptor programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) found on T cells. By preventing the binding of its ligands (PD-L1 and PD-L2), pembrolizumab induces an antitumor immune response...

Anti-PD-L1 is an Fc-engineered, humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody that targets programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1). PD-L1 is an important immune checkpoint molecule expressed on tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating immune cells. PD-L1 binds to its...

Anti-PD-L1 is an Fc-engineered, humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody that targets programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1). PD-L1 is an important immune checkpoint molecule expressed on tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating immune cells. PD-L1 binds to its...

Omalizumab (Xolair®) is a recombinant DNA-derived humanized IgG1k monoclonal antibody that selectively binds to human immunoglobulin E (IgE). Xolair inhibits the binding of IgE to the high-affinity IgE receptor (FceRI) on the surface of mast cells and...

Nivolumab (Opdivo®) is a human immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) monoclonal antibody that binds to the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) receptor and selectively blocks interaction with its programmed death ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2. Upregulation of PD-1 ligands...

Natalizumab is a humanized IgG4k monoclonal antibody produced in murine myeloma cells. Natalizumab contains human framework regions and the complementarity-determining regions of a murine antibody that binds to a4-integrin. Natalizumab is used to treat...

Ipilimumab (Yervoy®) is a fully human IgG1κ antibody that binds to CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T lymphocyteassociated antigen 4), a molecule on T-cells that is indicated for unresectable or metastatic melanoma. The absence or presence of CTLA-4 can augment or...

Infliximab (CT-P13) (Remsima®) is a chimeric monoclonal antibody and used to treat auto-immune disorders. Infliximab reduces the amount of active human tumor necrosis factor alpha (hTNFα) in the body by binding to it and preventing it from signaling the...

Infliximab (Remicade®) is a therapeutic chimeric monoclonal antibody against tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and is used to treat rheumatic arthritis, intestinal disorders, dermatological diseases and cancer. Infliximab drug inhibits the action of TNF and...

Anti-HER2 is a recombinant DNA-derived humanized monoclonal antibody that selectively targets the extracellular domain of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 protein (HER2). It has antitumor activity against HER2-positive human breast tumor...

Golimumab (Simponi®) is a human immunoglobulin G1κ monoclonal antibody which is specific for pro-inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα). Elevated levels of TNF are found in the synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis, including juvenile...

Filgrastim is a recombinant, non-pegylated human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) analog. It binds to the G-CSF receptor and stimulates the production of neutrophils in the bone marrow. As a G-CSF analog, it controls the proliferation of...

Evolocumab is a human IgG2 monoclonal antibody that targets proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9). PCSK9 is a serine protease that binds to LDL receptors on the hepatocyte cell surface and promotes the lysosome-mediated degradation of...

Etanercept is a therapeutic fusion protein specific for Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α) and is used to treat rheumatic arthritis, intestinal disorders, dermatological diseases and cancer. Etanercept specifically binds to TNF alpha and blocks its...

Durvalumab is a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody that binds to and inhibits programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1). PD-L1 is an important immune checkpoint molecule expressed on tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating immune cells. PD-L1 binds to its receptors...

Denosumab (Prolia®) is a human monoclonal antibody that binds to RANKL, a transmembrane or soluble protein essential for the formation, function, and survival of osteoclasts, the cells responsible for bone resorption. Prolia prevents RANKL from...

Daratumumab is a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody that binds with a high affinity to a unique epitope of CD38. CD38 is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on lymphoid, non-hematopoietic tissues, and myeloid cells. CD38 possesses ectoenzyme...

Cetuximab is a recombinant human/mouse chimeric monoclonal antibody that targets the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and acts as a competitive inhibitor for both epidermal growth factor and other ligands. Binding of the antibody to EGFR causes...

Cetuximab (Erbitux®) is a chimeric monoclonal antibody of the immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and FDA-approved epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor. Preclinical studies have shown that cetuximab enhances the antitumour effects of chemotherapy as...

Canakinumab is a recombinant human IgG1 kappa monoclonal antibody that binds to and inhibits human IL-1β by preventing the interaction with its receptor and subsequent inflammatory activity. The antibody neither has cross-reactivity with IL-1α nor with...

Bevacizumab is a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody that specifically binds to vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and prevents its binding to cell surface receptors. VEGFA is a pro-angiogenic protein that promotes migration, proliferation, and...

Bevacizumab (Avastin®) is a recombinant human IgG1 monoclonal antibody specific for all human vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) isoforms. It has been demonstrated that bevacizumab, in combination with chemotherapy, resulted in increased...

Avelumab (Bavencio®) is a fully human anti-PD-L1 IgG1 lambda monoclonal antibody that has a molecular weight of approximately 147 kDa. Avelumab binds PD-L1 and blocks the interaction between PD-L1 and its receptors PD-1 and B7-1. By inhibiting PD-L1...

Aflibercept is a recombinant protein composed of the binding domains of two human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors fused with the Fc region of human immunoglobulin gamma 1 (IgG1). Aflibercept, as an ophthalmic agent, is used in the...

Adalimumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody that specifically targets tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). TNF is a proinflammatory cytokine that plays an important role in the immune and inflammatory response. Binding of the antibody to TNF-α...

Adalimumab (Humira®) is a recombinant human IgG1 monoclonal antibody specific for Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α) and is used to treat rheumatic arthritis, intestinal disorders, dermatological diseases and cancer. Adalimumab specifically binds to TNF...

Aflibercept is a recombinant protein composed of the binding domains of two human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors fused with the Fc region of human immunoglobulin gamma 1 (IgG1). Aflibercept, as an ophthalmic agent, is used in the...

Adalimumab (Humira®) is a recombinant human IgG1 monoclonal antibody specific for Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α) and is used to treat rheumatic arthritis, intestinal disorders, dermatological diseases and cancer. Adalimumab specifically binds to TNF...

RNA extraction Kit (from human biofluids and cell media)Alternate Name: Exosome RNA extraction kit (pre-isolated exosomes)Tag Line: Pre-isolated Exosome RNA extractionSummary: BasicExoRNA™ Basic RNA extraction kitDetection Method: Pre-isolated Exosomal...

Cell death (especially apoptosis) is an energy-dependent process that requires ATP. As ATP levels fall to a point where the cell can no longer perform basic metabolic functions, the cell will die. A typical apoptotic cell exhibits a significant decrease...

Protein Kinases belong to a large family of phosphotransferases that mediate a wide spectrum of metabolic events via signal transduction pathways. Protein Kinases catalyze transfer of a phosphate group from a phosphate donor to a substrate protein...