CD28 involved in T-cell activation, the induction of cell proliferation and cytokine production and promotion of T-cell survival. Enhances the production of IL4 and IL10 in T-cells in conjunction with TCR/CD3 ligation and CD40L costimulation. BioVision’s...

Acute phase-regulated receptor involved in clearance and endocytosis of hemoglobin/haptoglobin complexes by macrophages and may thereby protect tissues from free hemoglobin-mediated oxidative damage. May play a role in the uptake and recycling of iron,...

Coreceptor for bacterial lipopolysaccharide. In concert with LBP, binds to monomeric lipopolysaccharide and delivers it to the LY96/TLR4 complex, thereby mediating the innate immune response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Acts as a coreceptor for...

Catecholamine (CA) is a monoamine, an organic compound that has a catechol and a side-chain amine. Catecholamines are derived from the amino acid tyrosine, which is derived from dietary sources as well as synthesis from phenylalanine. Two catecholamines,...

Catecholamine (CA) is a monoamine, an organic compound that has a catechol and a side-chain amine. Catecholamines are derived from the amino acid tyrosine, which is derived from dietary sources as well as synthesis from phenylalanine. Two catecholamines,...

β-Endorphin (beta-EP) is an endogenous opioid neuropeptide and peptide hormone that is produced in certain neurons within the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. It is one of five endorphins that are produced in rats, the others of...

β-Endorphin (beta-EP) is an endogenous opioid neuropeptide and peptide hormone that is produced in certain neurons within the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. It is one of five endorphins that are produced in mouses, the others of...

β-Endorphin (beta-EP) is an endogenous opioid neuropeptide and peptide hormone that is produced in certain neurons within the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. It is one of five endorphins that are produced in human, the others of...

B-Cell Activating Factor (BAFF) is a cytokine that binds to TNFRSF13B/TACI and TNFRSF17/BCMA. TNFSF13/APRIL binds to the same 2 receptors. Together, they form a 2 ligands -2 receptors pathway involved in the stimulation of B- and T-cell function and the...

Antibodies against single-stranded DNA are mainly directed against its basic compound, which in the native DNA is masked inside the helical structure. Anti-ssDNA antibody (Ab) test is used for the differential diagnosis of new patients suspected of an...

Antibodies against single-stranded DNA (anti-ssDNA) are mainly directed against its basic compound, which in the native DNA is masked inside the helical structure. Anti-ssDNA antibody (Ab) test is used for the differential diagnosis of new patients...

Anti-double stranded DNA (Anti-dsDNA) antibodies are a group of anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) the target antigen of which is double stranded DNA. Blood tests such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunofluorescence are routinely performed...

BioVision's α-enolase ELISA kit is based on Sandwich ELISA method. The Micro Elisa strip plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to ENO1. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate Micro Elisa strip plate wells and...

Acetylcholine (ACh) is an organic chemical that functions in the brain and body of many types of animals, including Rats, as a neurotransmitter—a chemical released by nerve cells to send signals to other cells. Acetylcholine is also used as a...

Acetylcholine (ACh) is an organic chemical that functions in the brain and body of many types of animals, including Mouses, as a neurotransmitter—a chemical released by nerve cells to send signals to other cells. Acetylcholine is also used as a...

Acetylcholine (ACh) is an organic chemical that functions in the brain and body of many types of animals, including humans, as a neurotransmitter—a chemical released by nerve cells to send signals to other cells. Acetylcholine is also used as a...

8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is an oxidized derivative of deoxyguanosine. Concentrations of 8-oxo-dG within a cell are a measurement of oxidative stress. It is considered as a critical biomarker of oxidative stress and carcinogenesis. This ELISA...

BioVision's 5-lipoxygenase ELISA kit is based on Sandwich ELISA method. The Microelisa stripplate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to 5-LOX. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate Microelisa stripplate wells...

β-Glucans (beta-glucans) comprise a group of β-D-glucose polysaccharides naturally occurring in the cell walls of cereals, bacteria, and fungi, with significantly differing physicochemical properties dependent on source. Typically, β-glucans form a...

Heparin, also known as unfractionated heparin (UFH), is medication which is used as an anticoagulant (blood thinner). Specifically it is used to treat and prevent deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and arterial thromboembolism. It is also used in...

High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are one of the five major groups of lipoproteins. Unlike the larger lipoprotein particles which deliver fat molecules to cells, HDL particles remove fat molecules from cells which need to export fat molecules. Increasing...

Bovine serum albumin (BSA) is a serum albumin protein derived from cows. It is often used as a protein concentration standard in lab experiments. BSA is a small, stable, moderately non-reactive protein, it is often used as a blocker in...

An important cholesterol metabolite (cholesterol 24-hydroxylase) found in the brain. It is an endogenous agonist of the nuclear receptor LXR. It has been shown to induce cell death in neuroblastoma cells, possibly via a necroptosis pathway. ...

Acetyl CoA is a central molecule of metabolism. It carries acetate, used in the build-up and breakdown of larger molecules. Acetyl CoA is key in synthetic pathways leading to sesquiterpenes, precursors to cholesterol and other sterols, flavenoids and...

β-Hydroxybutyrate (β-HB) is the most abundant of the ketone bodies (~78% of total ketone bodies in blood). Ketoacidosis (high concentrations of the ketone bodies) can be caused by a variety of conditions, such as diabetes, alcoholism and severe...

Triglycerides (TG) are the main constituents of vegetable oil, animal fat, LDL and VLDL, and play an important role as transporters of fatty acids as well as an energy source. TG is broken down into fatty acids and glycerol, after which both can serve as...

Threonine is one of the 20 naturally-occuring amino acids used by all organisms in the biosynthesis of proteins and is an essential dietary amino acid for humans. Threonine residues in proteins are subject to post-translational phosphorylation, a...

Glutathione (GSH), a thiol-containing tripeptide, is a key antioxidant in living systems. Intracellular GSH status appears to be a sensitive indicator of the overall health of a cell. BioVision’s PicoProbeTM Reduced Glutathione Assay Kit is based on a...

Proline is a proteogenic amino acid, which plays an important role in protein folding. In humans, proline can be synthesized from glutamate and arginine. Proline is one of the conditionally essential amino acids in humans. Proline is also produced by...

Phosphoglucomutase (PGM) enzyme plays a key role in carbohydrate metabolism and widely exists in all organisms. PGM interconverts Glucose-1-Phosphate (G1P) and Glucose-6-Phosphate (G6P) depending on the body requirement. When glycogen breaks down, G1P is...

Inorganic phosphate (Pi) is one of the most important ions in biological systems. It functions in a variety of roles. One of the most important roles is as a molecular switch, turning enzyme activity on and off through the mediation of the various...

NADP (nicotinamide dinucleotide) is a major electron donor for anabolic reactions such as lipid and nucleic acid synthesis. The reduced form, NADPH is a cofactor for many redox enzymes. It is of increasing interest to be able to measure low level of...

NAD and NADH exist in all living organisms and are important for energy transformation and maintenance of the redox state of cells or tissues. The reduced form, NADH is a driving force for cells and plays a critical role in cell regulation and repair...

Inositol is a carbocyclic sugar that is also known as vitamin B8 and is believed to have numerous health benefits. This substance must be obtained either from exogenous sources, or generated from metabolism of glucose-6-phosphate. While several isomers...

Malate Dehydrogenase (MDH) (EC 1.1.1.37) reversibly converts L-Malate into oxaloacetate in the presence of NAD+. In eukaryotic cells, malate dehydrogenase has 2 isoforms, MDH1 and MDH2. MDH1 is cytosolic and participates in the malate-aspartate shuttle,...

Lipolysis is the hydrolysis of triglycerides within the cell into glycerol and free fatty acids. The glycerol and free fatty acids are then released into the bloodstream or culture media. Lipolysis occurs in essentially all cells, but is most abundant in...

Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH, EC 1.1.1.27) is a stable enzyme and is present in all cell types. Cell damage leads to release of LDH enzyme into the media and its activity is widely used as a marker for cytotoxicity. It reversibly converts lactate into...

Lactulose is a synthetic disaccharide composed of galactose and fructose. It is closely related to lactose which is a disaccharide consisting of galactose and glucose. Since Lactulose is not absorbed by the gut; it is therefore used as a laxative and for...

Lactate (CH3CH(OH)COO-) plays an important role in many biological processes. Abnormally high concentrations of lactate have been related to diseases such as diabetes, lactic acidosis, etc. L(+)-Lactate is present in blood and is the major lactate...

Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH: EC 1.1.1.27) is a common enzyme found in wide range of organisms. It catalyzes the interconversion of pyruvate and lactate, with concomitant interconversion of NADH and NAD+. During tissue damage, LDH is released into the...

Inulin, not to be confused with insulin, is an indigestible polysaccharide that is found in many plant species, where it serves as an energy storage molecule. The polymer is made up of mostly fructose units, joined primarily by β(2,1) linkages, with...

Hexokinase (EC 1.1.1.49; also called HK, 6-Phosphate Glucose Kinase, ATP: D-Hexose 6-Phosphotransferase, ATP-dependent Hexokinase) is found in many organisms including bacteria, plants and mammals. Hexokinases play an important role in glucose metabolism...

Glutamate (Glutamic Acid, Glu) is one of the most abundant proteogenic amino acids in humans. It is a key molecule in cellular metabolism. For example, Glutamate plays an important role both in the metabolism of some amino acids and disposal of excess...

Glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) is a key intermediate for glucose transport into cells which then enters either metabolic pathways or storage. G6P can enter the glycolytic pathway, the pentose phosphate shunt or be stored as glycogen or starch. G6P is utilized...

Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PDH: EC 1.1.1.49) is a cytosolic enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway, a metabolic pathway that supplies reducing energy to cells (such as erythrocytes) by maintaining the level of the co-enzyme nicotinamide...

Glucose is the main energy source for virtually all living organisms. Glucose level is a key diagnostic parameter for many metabolic disorders. Measurement of glucose can be very important in both research and drug discovery processes. Biovision’s...

Fructose-6-phosphate (F6P) is an important intermediate in the glycolytic pathway which leads from glucose to pyruvate. It is formed from glucose-6-phosphate and is further phosphorylated to fructose-1,6-diphosphate which is subsequently cleaved to...

Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphate (F1,6BP) is a fructose sugar and a key component of the glycolysis metabolic pathway. It is produced by the phosphorylation of Fructose 6-Phosphate (F6P) by phosphofructokinase (PFK). Additionally, F1,6BP is an allosteric...

Fructose-1,6-bispohphatase (FBP1) is responsible for the conversion of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to fructose-6-phosphate in the rate determining step of gluconeogenesis. FBP1 is a tetramer that plays a role in regulating adiposity and appetite. FBP1 has...

Fructose is a monosaccharide found in many foods and is one of the three most important blood sugars along with glucose and galactose. Fructose is the sweetest naturally occurring sugar, estimated to be twice as sweet as sucrose. In BioVision’s...

Glycerol is a central component for synthesis of all lipids; it acts as a backbone for triglycerides and phospholipids, which plays an important role for cell membrane’s structure. Due to its low toxicity, glycerol is widely used in pharmaceutical, food...

Formaldehyde (HCHO) is the simplest aldehyde and one of the most often used organic compounds in industrial processes due to its high reactivity with a variety of chemicals. Endogenous HCHO can be produced in organisms via metabolic processes while...

D-Lactate is the result of anaerobic glycolysis by microorganisms in the gastrointestinal system, and the product of detoxification of methylglyoxal by the glyoxalase system. The presence of abnormal levels of D-Lactate has been linked to a series of...

Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate (DHAP) is an important intermediate in both lipid biosynthesis and glycolysis. In glycolysis, Fructose-1,6-diphosphate is converted to DHAP and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (GAP) by aldolase. Both DHAP and GAP serve as the...

D-2-Hydroxyglutarate Dehydrogenase (D2HGDH: EC 1.1.99.2) is a mitochondrial enzyme which catalyzes the conversion of D-2-Hydroxyglutarate into 2-Oxoglutarate. In humans, mutation of D2HGDH gene could reduce D2HGDH activity which will cause the...

The NAD-dependent Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) plays a vital role in cellular detoxification. It oxidizes various aldehydes and generates the corresponding carboxyolic acid. ALDH have been found in every cellular compartment. Based on its structure and...

Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) is an organic molecule that plays a critical role in cellular metabolism and energy transfer reactions. ADP is a product of ATP dephosphorylation and it can be rephosphorylated to ATP. These dephosphorylations and...

15-Hydroxy prostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH; EC:1.1.1.141) is a rate-limiting enzyme for prostaglandin catabolism. It oxidizes prostaglandins (PG) to 15-keto metabolites. In general, 15-keto metabolites show reduced biological activity, when compared...

Identification of clones that contain the desired DNA insert is an essential step in molecular cloning procedure. Traditional methods for identifying the correct DNA inserts require growing up individual colonies, isolating plasmid DNAs, and then...

BioVision’s OrgFrontier™ viable/non-viable cell separation kit is designed to separate the viable (live) cells from non-viable (dead) cells in cultured cell preparations. This kit can be used to remove dead or damaged cells that can result from scraping,...

Plasma membrane is one of the most studied cellular membranes. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms possess plasma membranes which, in summary, enclose and protect the cytosol, and cellular organelles while communicating to their surroundings due to...

Peroxisomes are small, single membrane-bound organelles that are found in all eukaryotic cells and are similar to lysosomes in size and morphology. Peroxisomes contain a variety of enzymes that utilize molecular oxygen to perform oxidation reactions...

Chloroplasts are membrane-bound organelles found in plant and algal cells which perform the function of photosynthesis. Plant chloroplasts are lens-shaped, usually 5-10 µm in diameter and 1-3 µm thick. Although leaves contain the majority of plants’...

The Link-FAST™ 5 minutes DNA Ligation Kit provides a fast and convenient means for ligation of sticky-end or blunt-end DNA fragments in just 5 minutes at room temperature. All necessary reagents required for ligation are provided. There is no need to...

Glucose is a ubiquitous energy source in most organisms and plays a pivotal role in cellular metabolism and homeostasis. Cancer cells exhibit increased glucose uptake to support their high proliferation rate. At BioVision, we have developed a fluorescent...

SDS-PAGE is one of the most powerful and commonly used techniques in molecular biology. However, traditional protein gel staining and destaining methods take several hours to finish and leaves a high blue background on the gel reducing the detection...

This FractionPREP™ Cell Fractionation system is designed to provide reproducible extraction of four subcellular protein fractions (Cytosol, nucleus, membrane/particulate, and cytoskeletal fractions) from a single mammalian sample. The method is fast and...

Quantification of number of viable cells is an indispensible tool in Cell Biology research. BioVision’s Calcein AM Cell Viability Assay Kit is a fluorometric method for extremely sensitive quantification of viable cells that can detect as low as 50...

Triglycerides (TGs) are the main constituent of body fat in humans and animals, as well as vegetable fat. TGs are found as a natural component in human’s blood circulatory system. TGs are composed of one molecule of glycerol and 3 molecules of fatty...

The EZScreen™ Cholesterol and Cholesteryl Ester Colorimetric assay Kit provides a simple method for sensitive quantification of free cholesterol, cholesteryl esters, or both by a colorimetric method in a high throughput format. The majority of the...

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD) is a co-enzyme indispensible for the activity of multiple catalytic proteins. NAD+ and NADH, its reduced form, participate in many biological redox reactions. NAD+ is mostly associated with redox enzymes required...

Abnormal high concentration of lactate in blood has been related to many important diseases such as diabetes and lactate acidosis. Elevated Lactate concentration in blood is also associated with shock, post cardiac arrest, tissue ischemia, thiamine...

Glycogen is a branched polysaccharide, made of glucose units that serves as the primary source of energy storage in animals. Most of the glucose residues in glycogen are linked by α-1,4-glycosidic bonds with branching via α-1,6 linkage. In mammals, the...

Glucose (C6H12O6, FW: 180.16) is delivered to the cells from the blood stream as the primary biological fuel to generate the universal energy molecule, ATP. Even though human body has evolved an advanced metabolic pathway to keep the blood glucose level...

Fatty Acids play important roles in normal metabolism and in many disease states. They are precursors to a number of bioactive classes of compounds including prostaglandins and leukotrienes, and have been implicated to play roles in such diverse...

Beta-Lactamases (βLs), are a large family of hydrolases comprising more than 850 identified members expressed in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. βLs can be classified according to their substrate or inhibitor specificity. These enzymes are...

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) is a derivative of adenosine nucleotide that contains a large amount of biochemical energy stored in its high-energy phosphate bonds. ATP releases energy when it is hydrolyzed into ADP or AMP (Adenosine Di or Mono Phosphate)...

Alanine transaminase (ALT) is a transaminase enzyme (EC 2.6.1.2). It is also called serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) or alanine aminotransferase (ALAT). ALT is found in serum and in various bodily tissues, but is usually associated with the...

BioVision’s EZQuant™RNA Quantification Kit II is used for the sensitive and accurate quantification for RNA. The kit is highly selective for RNA in the presence of DNA and offers advantages in stability, linear dynamic range, and sensitivity over other...

BioVision’s EZQuant™RNA Quantification Kit I is used for the sensitive and accurate quantification for RNA. The kit is highly selective for RNA in the presence of DNA and offers advantages in stability, linear dynamic range, and high sensitivity over...

Accurate and sensitive quantification of double stranded DNA (dsDNA) has wide applications. The major disadvantages of traditional absorbance based method for DNA quantitation include (1) lower sensitivity, (2) inability to distinguish between DNA and...

BioVision’s EZLabel™ Protein-FITC Labeling Kit provides an easy way to label proteins with Fluorescein Isothiocyanate (FITC) in a user-friendly spin column format. FITC is an ideal dye for fluorescent labeling of proteins among the most commonly used...

BioVision’s EZLabel™ Protein-Cy5 Labeling Kit provides an easy way to label proteins with Cy5 in a user-friendly spin column format. Cy5 is an ideal fluorescent dye for labeling of proteins with its intense signal in the red region of the spectrum. Each...

BioVision’s EZLabel™ Protein-Cy3 Labeling Kit provides an easy way to label proteins with Cy3 in a user-friendly spin column format. Cy3 is a better alternative to Alexa Fluor 555, Rhodamine Red-X, and TAMRA due to its high extinction coefficient and far...

BioVision’s EZLabel™ Protein-Biotin Labeling Kit provides an easy way to label proteins with Biotin in a user-friendly spin column format. Due to its high affinity for tetrameric avidin proteins, biotin is ideal for labeling proteins. Each pair of spin...

R-Phycoerythrin is widely used as a fluorescent label in immunochemistry assays such as ELISA and in more complex techniques such as flow cytometry. Preparing bright, stable and reproducible antibody-PE conjugates is one of the biggest challenges of...

Horseradish Peroxidase is widely used as an enzymatic label in immunochemistry assays such as ELISA. Preparing stable and reproducible antibody-HRP conjugates is one of the biggest challenges of developing immunoassays. The BioVision’s EZLabel™ Antibody...

BioVision’s EZLabel Antibody-FITC Labeling Kit provides an easy way to label antibodies with Fluorescein Isothiocyanate (FITC) in a user-friendly spin column format. FITC is an ideal dye for fluorescent labeling of antibodies among the most commonly used...

BioVision’s EZLabel™ Antibody-Cy5 Labeling Kit provides an easy way to label antibodies with Cy5 in a user-friendly spin column format. Cy5 is an ideal fluorescent dye for labeling of antibodies with its intense signal in the red region of the spectrum...

BioVision’s EZLabel™ Antibody-Cy3 Labeling Kit provides an easy way to label antibodies with Cy3 in a user-friendly spin column format. Cy3 is a better alternative to Alexa Fluor 555, Rhodamine Red-X, and TAMRA due to its high extinction coefficient and...

BioVision’s EZLabel™ Antibody-Biotin Labeling Kit provides an easy way to label antibodies with Biotin in a user-friendly spin column format. Due to its high affinity for tetrameric avidin proteins, biotin is ideal for labeling antibodies. Each pair of...

Histones are small alkaline proteins that interact with eukaryotic DNA to form the fundamental subunit of chromatin known as the nucleosome. The core histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 form the central spooling unit of the nucleosome; with two copies of each...

Aldo-keto Reductases (AKRs) are a superfamily of NAD(P)H linked oxidoreductases which contains more than 190 members. A complete listing of AKR superfamily can be found at: https://www.med.upenn.edu/akr/. The common function of AKR superfamily is to...

Apoptosis is a controlled phenomenon in which apoptotic cells are characterized by changes in nucleus (i.e. chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation), cytoplasm shrinkage and production of apoptotic bodies. These are subsequently phagocytosed by...

Phospholipids are major component of the bilayers of all plasma membranes. A single phospholipid molecule consists of a phosphate group on one (“head”), and two side-by-side chains of fatty acids that make up the "tails”. The phosphate head groups can be...

Stearoylation is one of the numerous types of post-translational modification in proteins. Stearoylated proteins are involved in the regulation of cellular processes such as apoptosis, growth and metabolism. In this modification Stearic acid, a saturated...

Stearoylation is one of the numerous types of post-translational modification in proteins. Stearoylated proteins are involved in regulation of cellular processes such as apoptosis, growth and metabolism. In this modification, Stearic acid, a saturated...

Glycans are vital components of glycoproteins, glycolipids, and proteoglycans in all domains of life. Glycosylation occurs co- or post-translationally on >50% of eukaryotic proteins resulting in membrane-associated, intracellular, or secreted...

Palmitoylation occurs when fatty acids, such as Palmitic Acid are covalently attached to the side chains of cysteine (and less frequently to serine, threonine side chains) in proteins. This type of post-translational modification greatly affects cellular...

Palmitoylation occurs when fatty acids, such as Palmitic Acid are covalently attached to the side chains of cysteine (and less frequently to serine, threonine side chains) in proteins. This type of post-translational modification greatly affects cellular...